Prince Khaled bin Bandar bin Abdul Aziz (C) attends an inauguration ceremony in central Riyadh, March 10, 2013.
With the al-Qaeda spin-off Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) now virtually on its northern border, Saudi King Abdullah bin Abdulaziz has appointed a new spy master and a new special envoy for the kingdom. The appointments also strengthen the king’s hand in the succession process.
On July 1, Abdullah appointed Prince Khaled bin Bandar bin Abdul Aziz to be chief of Saudi General Intelligence, the kingdom’s equivalent of the CIA, where he will also hold the rank of a cabinet minister. Prince Khaled is the third son of one of the oldest surviving sons of the modern kingdom’s founder, King Abdul Aziz ibn Saud, and thus a prominent figure in the next generation of Saudi leaders. Born in 1951, Khaled is a graduate of the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst, the elite British military academy that has trained dozens of Arab princes over the years. He served for several decades as a tank commander in the Saudi army rising to be commander of the Saudi Land Forces command. By placing the son of Bandar bin Adul Aziz in the top Saudi spy position, Abdullah strengthens his ties to a senior part of the royal family that will have a vote in future succession scenarios.
Khaled is experienced in national security and foreign affairs. He fought in the liberation of Kuwait in 1991 and was awarded a medal for his service from the Kuwaiti emir. He is also a recipient of Pakistan’s highest award, the Hilal-i-Imtiaz or Crescent of Excellence awarded by former Pakistani President Asif Zardari for his work in promoting Saudi-Pakistan relations, the kingdom’s most important alliance. As commander of the Royal Saudi Land Forces, Khaled also chaired the Russia-Saudi joint military committee.
In 2013, Khaled left the army to become governor of Riyadh, one of the most important positions in the kingdom because Riyadh is home to most of the royal family and foreign embassies. He was succeeded in that job in May by Abdullah’s son Prince Turki bin Abdullah, and then served for only 45 days as deputy defense minister before being relieved from that post to become spy chief.
The post of Saudi General Intelligence chief is an important one in the kingdom. For decades, it was held by Prince Turki bin Feisal, who was a key player in planning and financing the war in Afghanistan in the 1980s that led to the defeat of the Soviet 40th Red Army and the fall of the Berlin Wall. The post was then held by Prince Muqrin, now deputy crown prince and third in line to the throne. Subsequently, it was held for two years by Prince Bandar bin Sultan, former ambassador to the United States for 22 years.
At the end of June, Abdullah presided over a meeting of the Saudi National Security Council (NSC) to order all necessary measures be taken to defend the kingdom from the terrorist group ISIL that has now overrun one-third of Iraq and part of Syria. Bandar bin Sultan also serves as secretary-general of the NSC.
ISIL has proclaimed the creation of a caliphate in the areas it occupies and now calls itself simply the Islamic State. The proclamation of a caliphate and a caliph is a monumental act of hubris. Neither Osama bin Laden nor Abu Musab Zarqawi, Baghdadi’s heroes, ever proclaimed creation of a caliphate and preferred the more cautious title of emir.
For the Saudis the proclamation is tantamount to a declaration of war. The king is also the custodian of the Two Holy Mosques, protector of the most important holy cities of Mecca and Medina in the Sunni Islamic world. The last contender for a caliphate was the Ottoman Empire that lost the mosques and the Hejaz (western Saudi Arabia) to the Saudis after World War I. ISIL and Baghdadi are proclaiming they are the true heirs to leadership in the Islamic world — by definition then the Saudis are illegitimate.
The king’s announcements still leave open the position of deputy defense minister, a key portfolio since Crown Prince Salman also serves as defense minister, meaning the day-to-day management of the Ministry of Defense is vacant. Salman also has serious health problems, so a vigorous deputy is needed. Who the king appoints will be crucial not only for defending the kingdom at a critical hour but also in the complex royal family politics for future succession
